Metabolic disorders include abnormalities of glucose, carbohydrate and fat and mineral metabolism including obesity and osteoporosis all of which can have central, peripheral and genetic causes. The commonest endocrine disorder is Diabetes which can be due to insulin deficiency (Type I), insulin resistance (Type II) or Gestational Diabetes. Diseases of the thyroid gland include Thyrotoxicosis, Hypothyroidism and Goitre including nodules in the thyroid gland and thyroid cancer. Pituitary gland disorders include diseases such as Acromegaly, Cushing's Disease, Prolactinoma and Hypopituitarism including Growth Hormone deficiency and Short Stature, Infertility, Diabetes Insipidus, Rathke's Cyst and Craniopharyngioma. Adrenal gland dysfunction includes Addison's Disease, Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia, Conn's syndrome, Phaeochromocytoma and tumours of the adrenal gland that can be hyperfunctioning, non-functioning, benign or malignant. Gonadal disorders of the ovary and testes include PCOS, premature ovarian failure and Menopause and hypogonadism/testosterone deficiency in males. A sub-specialty interest in bone mineral metabolism includes Osteoporosis and other less common skeletal disorders such as Osteomalacia and Fibrous Dysplasia. Disorders of mineral and electrolyte metabolism also include Hypercalcaemia, Hypocalcaemia, Hyperparathyroidism and Vitamin D deficiency and low salt, sodium, potassium, magnesium and phosphate levels.
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Sydney ENT Clinic, 67 Burton St, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010
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